What is Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN),

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a molecule that is involved in the production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a coenzyme that is important for cellular metabolism and energy production. NAD+ levels decline with aging and certain metabolic disorders, and this decline has been linked to a range of age-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disorders.

Recent research has investigated the potential of NMN supplementation to increase NAD+ levels and improve metabolic function in various populations, including postmenopausal overweight/obese women with prediabetes. One study found that NMN supplementation improved insulin sensitivity and reduced body weight in this population, suggesting that NMN may be a promising intervention for metabolic disorders.

Obesity and aging impair NAD+ biosynthesis by decreasing the expression of key enzymes involved in NAD+ production, such as nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress associated with obesity and aging may also contribute to NAD+ depletion.

Several compounds and hormones have been shown to increase muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women, including exercise, metformin, and estrogen therapy. These interventions may improve glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and reduce insulin resistance, potentially reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes.

Compounds and hormones that have been shown to increase muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women include exercise, omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, and certain hormones such as adiponectin and irisin.

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) can be obtained from dietary sources such as milk, yeast, and vegetables, although these sources provide only small amounts of the molecule. Alternatively, NMN can be synthesized through chemical or enzymatic methods.

NMN can be obtained through dietary sources such as broccoli, cabbage, avocado, and edamame, although these sources only provide small amounts. NMN supplements can also be purchased from various supplement companies.

NMN supplementation has been shown to up-regulate the expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β and other genes related to muscle remodeling. This effect is thought to be due to the activation of a protein called SIRT1, which plays a key role in regulating cellular metabolism and promoting cellular health. SIRT1 activation leads to increased production of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), which is a key molecule involved in energy metabolism and cellular signaling. By increasing NAD+ levels, NMN supplementation may improve metabolic function and promote tissue repair and regeneration, including in muscle tissue.

The optimal dose of Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) used in clinical trials varies depending on the condition being studied. However, the typical dose range for most studies is between 100 and 500 milligrams per day.

The optimal dosing for various conditions are as follows:

• For anti-aging and longevity: 250-500 milligrams per day.
• For metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes: 250-500 milligrams per day.
• For cardiovascular health: 100-500 milligrams per day.
• For cognitive function and neuroprotection: 100-250 milligrams per day.
• For muscle regeneration and athletic performance: 250-500 milligrams per day.

It is important to note that these dosages may not be appropriate for everyone and should be discussed with a healthcare provider before starting any supplement regimen. Additionally, the quality and purity of the supplement can also affect its efficacy, so it is important to choose a reputable brand.

Here are a few clinical trials that have used 250-500 milligrams of NMN per day for anti-aging and longevity management:

1. A study published in the journal Nature Communications in 2016 found that giving NMN to old mice for four weeks improved their mitochondrial function and muscle strength. The researchers used a dose of 500 milligrams per kilogram of body weight, which is equivalent to around 250-500 milligrams per day for a human.
2. Another study published in the journal Cell Reports in 2017 showed that NMN supplementation improved glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet. The mice were given a daily dose of 500 milligrams per kilogram of body weight, which is again equivalent to around 250-500 milligrams per day for a human.
3. A clinical trial conducted in Japan and published in the journal Endocrine Connections in 2018 investigated the effects of NMN supplementation on healthy elderly people. The participants were given either 125 milligrams, 250 milligrams, or 500 milligrams of NMN per day for 12 weeks. The study found that NMN supplementation improved blood pressure and arterial stiffness in the 250 milligrams and 500 milligrams groups, compared to the placebo group.

It’s worth noting that the optimal dosage of NMN for anti-aging and longevity management is still being studied and is not yet clear. It is always recommended to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen.

Verified by: Dr.Diab (April 5, 2024)

Citation: Dr.Diab. (April 5, 2024). What is Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). Medcoi Journal of Medicine, 7(2). urn:medcoi:article21684.