TETANUS (СТОЛБНЯК) Tetanus (lockjaw, СТОЛБНЯК, الكزاز) is a serious rare infection caused by Clostridium tetani (bacteria), it is characterized by its spastic syndrome (muscle spasms), that usually begin in the jaw and then progress to the rest of the body muscles, if not treated tetanus can lead to acute respiratory failure and death. Pathogen -…… Read More »


Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF) Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF, КРЫМСКАЯ ГЕМОРРАГИЧЕСКАЯ ЛИХОРАДКА, الحمّة الكريمية) is a widespread zoonotic tick-borne viral disease that is endemic in Russia, central Asia, Africa, and less commonly in the Balkans, and the Middle East. CHF causes symptoms such as fever, muscle aches, dizziness and decreased consciousness, photophobia (abnormal sensitivity to light),…… Read More »


Rabies is an acute viral disease caused by infection with the rabies virus (RABV). When an infection is present, symptoms usually include fever, headache, nausea, fatigue, muscle aches, tingling, paresis and paralysis. It is usually transmitted through a bite from an infected animal…. Read More »


Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is an acute interstitial nephropathy occurring mainly in Europe and Asia, it is caused by hantaviruses from the family Bunyaviridae and characterized by high fever and varying degrees of renal failure. Pathogen – RNA virus genus Hantaan (Hantavirus). Epidemiology The source of infection -…… Read More »


Meningococcemia is a blood infection caused by the dissemination of Neisseria meningitidis into the bloodstream leading to DIC, which is a pathological form of clotting presenting with purpura fulminans, neck stiffness, headache, fever, chills, nausea and vomiting…. Read More »


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