Weight loss for dummies

•            Understanding weight loss

Objectives

1. Fat, glucose and glycogen
2. Hormones
3. Body composition
4. Characteristics of fatty tissue
5. Catabolic reactions
6. Fat deposition types
7. Why to lose weight

 

1-      The role of lipids, glucose and glycogen

Lipids, glucose and glycogen

Lipids a group of substances or nutrients including fats (cholesterol, triglycerides…), phospholipids, cerebrosides,  waxes… that with carbohydrates and proteins constitute the main structural components of living cells,

In the body fats bind to lipoproteins as macromolecular complexes so that they can circulate freely in plasma, major lipoproteins include:

•         VLDL, very low density lipoproteins
•         LDL, low density lipoproteins
•         HDL, high density lipoproteins
•         Chylomicrons, the largest lipoproteins

Chylomicrons, the largest lipoproteins carry exogenous triglyceride from the intestines via the thoracic duct to the venous system until they reach the capillaries of adipose and muscle tissue where ~90% of chylomicron triglycerides are removed by a specific group of lipases, fatty acids and glycerol produced enter the adipocytes and muscle cells for energy use or storage. The remnant chylomicron particles are removed in the liver from where VLDL carries endogenous triglyceride back to the same peripheral sites (adipocytes and muscle cells).

Glucose & Glycogen

Glucose an active sugar obtained in the body as a supplement or from digesting carbohydrates or sugars, the percentage of blood glucose is regulated by insulin a pancreatic hormone essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids.

Insulin facilitates the uptake of glucose into tissue and promotes its conversion into glycogen, fatty acids and triglycerides. Glucose is the first and fastest source of energy in our bodies. If the amount of glucose consumed is too high, it is transformed into glycogen and is stored in adipose tissue.

 

2-      Hormones

The endocrine system

The endocrine system consists of glands and tissues that secrete hormones into the bloodstream via tissue fluid.

Hormones are chemical substances that deliver signals to target cells triggering and affecting the behavior of these glands or tissues. Hormones influence the metabolism of cells, the growth and development of body parts, as well as it regulates the internal homeostasis.

Two types of stimuli trigger the endocrine system:

• Conditional stimuli: provoked by circumstances that are intact with us such as natural stimulus (food) or artificial stimulus (light, bomb, gun, etc…)
• The condition reflex where repetition may associate ex. (food with light of the lamp then the light of the lamp alone provokes the response

The normal endocrine system is self-regulated by internal homeostasis, under normal body’s regulation such as:

CRH    —->           ACTH    —->             Cortisol

TRH   —->            TSH     <—->             Body’s Temp

 

3-      Body composition

Lipids, carbohydrates and proteins constitute the main structural components of human cells, while plasmatic liquids mainly composed of water acquire ~70% of the human weight.

 

4-      Characteristics of fatty tissue

Chronic fat deposition

Chronic fat deposition is fat deposited for a period longer than a year, eliminating and getting rid of this type of fats is twice harder than getting rid of newly formed fat depots (deposited for a period ranging between 3-9 months and not more)

5-      Catabolic reactions

Catabolic reactions are cellular metabolic reactions that take place in our bodies to produce energy and power.

Three major catabolic reactions affect the building of fats in our bodies:

•        Breaking fat to energy
•        Breaking glycogen to energy
•        Burning glucose to energy

Glucose and Glycogen

Physical activities such as warm-ups consume enormous amounts of calories and blood glucose resulting in low blood glucose levels.

When blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. Glucagon acts opposite to insulin; therefore, glucagon raises the blood glucose level to normal by breaking down fat from adipose tissue to glycogen, in the liver glycogen is broken down into glucose, glucose enters the blood to be consumed for energy.

 

6-      Classification of fatty tissue, and fat deposition types

Classification of fatty tissue in the body:

• Fat depots
• Fatty layer in the skin (adipose tissue)
• Fat building in the arteries and internal organs

Fat deposition types

A-     Feminine fat deposition type

Feminine type of fat depositions is characterized by Central body obesity, weight gain in the trunk area, on the buttocks, butt, armpits and breasts, rarely patients notice weight gain in the face area (moon face).

B-      Masculine fat deposition type

Fat buildups on the front part of the abdomen, on the chest (with or without gynecomastia), and in the neck-lower jaw area..

 

7-      Why to lose weight

American Heart Foundation labels that healthy women must have total cholesterol level of less than 200 milligrams per deciliter, as well as they must have at least 35 milligrams per deciliter of good cholesterol.

The total cholesterol level ranges between 200 and 239 milligrams per deciliter, where 239 milligrams per deciliter is the highest limit boundary. A level that is more than 240 mg/dl is a high level.

Why Monitor?

•         Essential for disease prophylaxis
•         Describe the patient’s physiologic status
•         Facilitates and ease quality of life

Why to lose weight?

Weight Loss recommendation

According to Body mass index categories, a normal weight ranges between 18.5–24.9 BMI and less. Research has shown a direct correlation between high weight and high blood pressure. In some cases, weight loss lead to a drop in blood pressure, even before reaching the ideal weight. A Demonstrated project proved that a slight reduction in weight (a 5% drop in weight) leads to a clear drop in blood pressure both systole and diastole [3].

 

•              Weight Loss by utilizing Various Techniques

 

Goals

1.         Weight loss by boosting Innervation’s and muscular tonus
2.         Weight loss by easy Physical training and muscle working
3.         Slimming hacks by induced Physiological endocrine reactions
4.         Slimming by Easy Diets and endocrine reactions triggers
5.         Mobile cardio training on the go

 

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Verified by: Dr.Diab (December 22, 2017)

Citation: Dr.Diab. (December 22, 2017). Weight loss for dummies. Medcoi Journal of Medicine, 3(2). urn:medcoi:article15812.