The lowest effective dose of estrogen for menopause is typically around 0.3 mg of oral conjugated estrogens or 0.5 mcg of transdermal estradiol. Higher doses of estrogen may be prescribed depending on the severity of symptoms and individual response to treatment. However, doses exceeding 1-2 mg of oral conjugated estrogens or 100-200 mcg of transdermal estradiol are less commonly used due to increased risks of adverse effects…. Read More »


Early menopause can have diverse causes, including genetic factors, autoimmune disorders, iatrogenic treatments, environmental exposures, and idiopathic factors. Various risk factors, such as family history, smoking, and previous medical treatments, may predispose individuals to early menopause. Long-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may alleviate symptoms of menopause but carries certain risks, including an increased risk of certain cancers. Prolonged exposure to high levels of estrogen has been associated with an increased risk of breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers, highlighting the importance of understanding the complex relationship between estrogen and cancer risk…. Read More »


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