Yersiniosis (Иерсиниоз)
What is the meaning of yersiniosis and what disease is caused by Yersinia enterocolitica??
Yersiniosis (Иерсиниоз, التهاب اليرسينيا) is a food-borne bacterial infectious disease caused by the consumption of products contaminated by Yersinia enterocolitica, it is characterized by signs and symptoms affecting mainly the gastrointestinal tract, severity of symptoms depends on the age and sociological status of the infected person.
Pathogen – Yersinia enterocolitica
Epidemiology
How is yersinia enterocolitica transmitted to humans?
The source of infection- infected animals
Mechanism of transmission – fecal-oral route – by ingesting contaminated food (the infection occurs by consuming infected meat products, vegetables, and water).
Clinical picture
What is the incubation period for Yersinia?
The incubation period for yersiniosis can range from 1 to 6 days. Yersiniosis is characterized with an acute onset, symptoms usually develop suddenly and progresses quickly.
What are the symptoms of yersiniosis and how long does Yersinia symptoms last?
Symptoms of Yersinia enterocolitica infection typically include the following:
Intoxication syndrome, it is characterized by headache, chills, nausea, and fever rising up to 38 – 39 ° C.
Dyspeptic syndrome, Loose stools 5-6 times per day, watery stools, brown-green in color, with mucus. Duration of syndrome 2-4 days.
Rash appears on the 3rd – 7th day of disease, polymorphic, with a tendency to confluence in large joints, on symmetrical parts of the body and extremities. When the rash resolves it leaves a peeling and pigmentation.
Arthralgia syndrome, characterized by manifestations of arthritis that often affects the large and medium-sized joints.
Jaundice syndrome occurs in 5 to 10% of patients.
Hepatoleneal syndrome is observed.
Lymphadenopathy, lymph nodes swollen in groups
Yersinia symptoms last from 1 to 3 weeks; however, symptoms may persist even longer.
Complications
What are the complications of yersiniosis?
Infectious-toxic shock, appendicitis, the disease may relapse.
Differential diagnosis
Differential diagnosis is carried out typhus, leptospirosis, viral hepatitis, acute intestinal infections, and arthritis of different etiologies.
Laboratory diagnosis
How to diagnose yersiniosis?
In the analysis of blood neutrophilic leukocytosis with a left shift, eosinophilia, increased ESR.
Bacteriological diagnostics: isolation of the pathogen from blood, urine, and feces.
Serological diagnosis: PHA, ELISA and others (detection of circulating antigen).
Treatment
What is the treatment for Yersinia enterocolitica?
Etiotropic therapy: chloramphenicol 2.0g / day, Tetracycline 1.2 – 1.5 g / day, or aminoglycoside antibiotics such as streptomycin, or gentamicin.
Pathogenetic therapy: detoxifying agents, NSAIDs.
How do you prevent Yersinia enterocolitica?
Cook and store your food at the appropriate temperatures
Avoid eating raw or undercooked meat (pork).
Meat should be cooked until there are no longer pink in the middle.
Storage and Cooking Temperatures
- Food should be stored in a refrigerator at a temperature cooler than 40°F or a freezer that is 0°F or cooler.
- Cook raw meat and poultry at safe cooking temperature (160-165 ºF) to destroy the bacteria.
Wash your hands
- Wash your hands with soap and water after handling raw chitterlings, especially before touching infants or their toys.
- Wash your hands before cooking and before handling or eating any food.
- Wash your hands after using the toilet
- Wash your hands after changing diapers
- Teach children to wash their hands frequently with soap to reduce the risk of spreading the infection, especially if they are having diarrhea.
- Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water after contact with animals, animal feces, and animal environments.
- Wash your hands with soap and water after handling your pets.
Keep your food preparation areas clean
Wash fruits and raw vegetables before eating them.
Keep meat (raw pork) separate from other foods when shopping and storing groceries.
Wash hands, and kitchen tools (cutting boards, utensils, and cutlery) and surfaces (countertops) after handling uncooked meat (pork), as they may become contaminated from raw meat products (raw pork products).
Verified by: Dr.Diab (October 9, 2017)
Citation: Dr.Diab. (October 9, 2017). Yersiniosis Epidemiology Clinic and Treatment. Medcoi Journal of Medicine, 7(2). urn:medcoi:article16608.
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