Risk of Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN) when an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus When an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus, there is a risk of hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) because the mother’s immune system may produce antibodies against the Rh antigen in the fetal blood, leading to the destruction…… Read More »


The management of blood group incompatibility during pregnancy requires close collaboration between obstetricians, maternal-fetal medicine specialists, neonatologists, and other healthcare providers to ensure optimal outcomes for both mother and baby…. Read More »


Thalassemia Thalassemia is a common genetic hemolytic disorder characterized by defective hemoglobin Hb synthesis and ineffective erythropoiesis, the disease is common in mideast-southeast africa (α Thalassemia 25%, clinics show in 10% of patients). Causes The defect in Hb synthesis is caused by one decreased globin polypeptide chain (β, α, γ, δ) β Thalassemia have two…… Read More »


The Biochemistry of Coagulation Factors The biochemistry of coagulation factors in the blood clotting mechanism, and its function as a biochemical amplifier of blood coagulation was largely discovered in the 20th century. Paul Owren (1905–1990) discovered proaccelerin or Factor V in 1947, which was the first clue pointing to the complexity of the coagulation system……. Read More »


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